Performance scaling is now synonymous with scaling the number of cores. One of the consequences of this shift is the increasing difficulty of designing processors with predictable and controllable performance. To address this challenge this paper proposes a chip-scale throughput regulation technique that is based on dynamic tracking of instruction execution dynamics in each core. A new variable gain controller design is developed for regulating the throughput of modern out-of-order cores. The gain is adjusted based on an on-line sensitivity analysis of the core’s throughput to the control parameter. We explore throughput regulation using two control paramaters – core frequency and instruction issue width and demonstrate via cycle-level, full system simulation the utility of the proposed regulator on both compute and memory intensive workloads. Performance results are presented for the application to a 16 core, cache coherent 3D multicore processor.

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